Atomic and Nuclear Physics is an exciting branch of physics that helps us understand the fundamental structure of matter and the immense energy contained within atomic nuclei. In this unit, students will study key topics including:
-
Atom and Atomic Nucleus – The basic structure of atoms and their central nuclei.
-
Natural Radioactivity & Background Radiations – Understanding radioactive decay and the radiation present in our environment.
-
Nuclear Transmutations – How elements can change into other elements through nuclear reactions.
-
Half-Life and Its Measurement – Techniques to calculate the decay of radioactive substances.
-
Radioisotopes and Their Uses – Practical applications in medicine, industry, and research.
-
Fission and Fusion Reactions – Nuclear reactions that release enormous energy.
-
Hazards of Radiations and Safety Measures – Precautions to safely handle radioactive materials.
These notes provide a complete guide with MCQs, short questions, and long questions, making it easier for students to prepare for exams effectively.
Important MCQs – Unit 18 Atomic and Nuclear Physics
1. Which among the following radiations has more penetrating power?
(a) Alpha particle
(b) Gamma ray ✅
(c) Beta particle
(d) All have the same ability
2. The central part of an atom is called:
(a) Proton
(b) Nucleus ✅
(c) Electron
(d) Neutron
3. Atoms of the same element having same protons but different neutrons are called:
(a) Isobars
(b) Isotopes ✅
(c) Nuclides
(d) Radioisotopes
4. In 1896, the scientist who discovered natural radioactivity was:
(a) Rutherford
(b) Marie Curie
(c) Becquerel ✅
(d) Roentgen
5. The half-life of carbon-14 is:
(a) 573 years
(b) 5730 years ✅
(c) 57,300 years
(d) 573,000 years
Download PDF
Download the complete chapter notes in PDF for easy learning and quick exam revision.
English Medium View English Medium
Urdu Medium View Urdu Medium PDF