Transition elements are special elements that have partially filled d- or f-orbitals in their atomic state or in their common oxidation states. They are located between the s-block and p-block elements, which is why they are called “transition” elements. Their properties are in between metals and non-metals, showing a mix of physical and chemical characteristics.
These elements are known for their variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, magnetic behavior, and ability to form complex compounds. They play a vital role in industrial processes, biological systems, and laboratory chemistry. Understanding their electronic configurations helps explain their unique chemical reactions and properties.
📥 Download Class 12 Chemistry Unit 6 Transition Elements Notes
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❓FAQ – Transition Elements
Q1: What are transition elements?
Transition elements are elements with partially filled d- or f-orbitals in their atomic state or common oxidation states, located between s- and p-block elements.
Q2: Why are they called “transition” elements?
Because their properties lie between s-block metals and p-block non-metals, and they form a transition in chemical behavior.
Q3: Name some common properties of transition elements.
Variable oxidation states, colored compounds, magnetic properties, high melting/boiling points, and formation of complex compounds.
Q4: What are complex compounds?
Compounds where a central metal ion is bonded to ligands (molecules or ions) through coordinate bonds.
Q5: Give an example of a transition element used as an oxidizing agent.
Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is a common oxidizing agent.
Q6: What are chromates and dichromates?
Chromates (CrO₄²⁻) and dichromates (Cr₂O₇²⁻) are strong oxidizing agents used in labs and industry.
📝 MCQs – Transition Elements
Q1: Which of the following is a transition element?
(a) Sodium
(b) Calcium
(c) Iron ✅
(d) Oxygen
Q2: The characteristic property of transition elements is:
(a) Single oxidation state
(b) Variable oxidation states ✅
(c) Low melting point
(d) Formation of ionic compounds only
Q3: Which of the following compounds is a strong oxidizing agent?
(a) K₂Cr₂O₇ ✅
(b) NaCl
(c) FeO
(d) CaO
Q4: Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is:
(a) Reducing agent
(b) Oxidizing agent ✅
(c) Neutral salt
(d) Acidic salt
Q5: Transition elements are called so because:
(a) They are highly reactive
(b) Their properties are in transition between s-block metals and p-block non-metals ✅
(c) They are all metals
(d) They form only ionic compounds