Class 12 Biology Unit 16 – Support and Movements Complete Notes (MCQs, Short & Long Questions)

Support and movement are essential features of all living organisms. This unit explains how plants and animals maintain their structure and perform different types of movements.

It covers support in plants, types of skeletons in animals, and the structure of the human skeleton along with joints and muscles. The unit also highlights skeletal disorders, bone repair, and locomotion in simple organisms, helping students prepare effectively for board exams.

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Get complete and exam-focused notes of Class 12 Biology Unit 16 – Support and Movements in one PDF file. These notes are specially prepared for Punjab Board students to help in better exam preparation.

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❓ FAQs – Class 12 Biology Unit 16 

1. Define support and explain its importance in plants and animals.
Answer: Support is the structural system that maintains the shape and upright position of an organism. In plants, it helps them stand upright and grow toward light. In animals, it supports the body, protects organs, and helps in movement.

2. Differentiate between hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton.
Answer:

• Hydrostatic skeleton: Fluid-filled body cavity provides support and movement (e.g., earthworm, jellyfish).
• Exoskeleton: Hard external covering that provides protection and support (e.g., insects, crustaceans).
• Endoskeleton: Internal skeleton made of bones or cartilage (e.g., humans, vertebrates).

3. Name the types of joints in the human skeleton with one example each.
Answer:

• Ball and socket joint: Shoulder, Hip
• Hinge joint: Elbow, Knee
• Pivot joint: Neck (between atlas and axis)
• Gliding joint: Wrist, Ankle
• Saddle joint: Thumb

4. Explain locomotion in jellyfish.
Answer:
Jellyfish moves by pulsating contractions of its bell-shaped body. Water is pushed out during contraction, propelling the jellyfish forward. This type of movement is called jet propulsion.

📝 MCQs – Support and Movements

1. Which of the following provides support in plants?
A) Chloroplast
B) Cell wall
C) Nucleus
D) Vacuole
Answer: B) Cell wall

2. Secondary growth in plants helps in:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Reproduction
C) Increase in thickness of stem and root
D) Seed formation
Answer: C) Increase in thickness of stem and root

3. Hydrostatic skeleton is found in:
A) Human
B) Insects
C) Earthworm
D) Fish
Answer: C) Earthworm

4. The hard external skeleton in insects is called:
A) Endoskeleton
B) Hydrostatic skeleton
C) Exoskeleton
D) Cartilage
Answer: C) Exoskeleton

5. The movement of jellyfish is called:
A) Ciliary movement
B) Flagellar movement
C) Jet propulsion
D) Walking
Answer: C) Jet propulsion

6. Endoskeleton is made of:
A) Hard outer covering
B) Bones and cartilage inside the body
C) Fluid-filled cavity
D) None of these
Answer: B) Bones and cartilage inside the body