This chapter is all about understanding drugs and how they affect our body. We’ll explore medicinal drugs that help treat illnesses, addictive drugs that can be harmful if misused, and the amazing world of antibiotics and vaccines that protect us from infections.
This PDF includes all the important MCQs, short questions, and long questions from the chapter. It’s a perfect companion for students who want to study smart, revise quickly, and ace their exams. Whether you’re trying to understand tricky concepts or just need a handy revision guide, this PDF has got you covered!
Important MCQs – Chapter 18 Pharmacology
1. Which type of drug depresses the activity of the central nervous system (CNS)?
(a) Narcotics
(b) Hallucinogens
(c) Stimulants
(d) Sedatives ✅
2. Which of the following is a strong painkiller and often prescribed to cancer patients?
(a) Marijuana
(b) Hallucinogen
(c) Narcotic ✅
(d) Sedative
3. Which type of drug causes changes in perception, emotion, and consciousness?
(a) Sedative
(b) Hallucinogen ✅
(c) Narcotic
(d) Antiviral
4. One major cause of antibiotic resistance is:
(a) Overeating
(b) Use of antibiotics for viral infections ✅
(c) Use of vaccines
(d) Good hygiene
Short Questions – Chapter 18
Q: Define Pharmacology and distinguish it from Pharmacy.
Answer:
Pharmacology is the branch of biology that studies the effects, uses, and mechanisms of action of drugs on living organisms.
Pharmacy, on the other hand, is the science of preparing, dispensing, and reviewing drugs, as well as providing additional clinical services.
Key Difference:
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Pharmacology → Focuses on understanding drugs and their effects.
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Pharmacy → Focuses on preparing and providing drugs to patients.
Q: What are synthetic drugs?
Answer:
Synthetic drugs are man-made drugs prepared in laboratories. They do not occur naturally.
Example: Aspirin
Q: Write two uses of antibiotics.
Answer:
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Kill or stop the growth of bacteria.
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Treat bacterial infections like pneumonia and tonsillitis.
Q: What are hallucinogens?
Answer:
Hallucinogens are drugs that cause changes in perception, thoughts, emotions, and consciousness.
Effect:
These drugs affect the mind, creating hallucinations or distorted reality, and can be harmful if misused.
Long Questions – Chapter 18
Q1: What are medicinal drugs? Describe the major sources of medicinal drugs with examples.
Answer:
Definition of Medicinal Drugs:
Medicinal drugs are chemical substances used to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases in humans or animals. They help in reducing pain, curing infections, and restoring health.
Examples:
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Painkillers: Paracetamol
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Antibiotics: Tetracycline
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Vaccines: Hepatitis B vaccine
Major Sources of Medicinal Drugs:
Medicinal drugs come from different natural and artificial sources, including:
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Synthetic Drugs
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Artificially made in laboratories; do not occur naturally.
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Example: Aspirin – used to reduce pain and inflammation.
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Drugs from Plants and Fungi
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Many important medicines are obtained from plants and fungi.
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Examples:
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Penicillin – an antibiotic from fungus
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Digitalis – a cardiotonic from foxglove plant
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Morphine – a pain reliever from opium (opium poppy plant)
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Drugs from Animals
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Obtained from animal products, especially glands.
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Examples:
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Fish liver oils – source of vitamins
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Hormones – such as insulin
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Antitoxins – used to neutralize toxins in the body
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Drugs from Minerals
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Made from naturally occurring minerals.
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Examples:
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Iodine – used in tincture of iodine to prevent infections
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Silver nitrate – used to stop bleeding and prevent wound infection
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Drugs from Bacteria
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Some antibiotics are derived from bacteria.
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Example: Streptomycin – used to treat bacterial infections like tuberculosis
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