Biotechnology is a modern field of biology that uses living organisms and genetic material to produce useful products for humans. In this unit, students will learn important concepts like Recombinant DNA Technology, gene cloning, and DNA manipulation.
You will also study techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the Human Genome Project, which help scientists understand and analyze DNA.
Overall, this chapter explains how biotechnology is used in medicine, agriculture, and industry to improve human life.
📥 Download Class 12 Biology Unit 23 Biotechnology Notes
Skip to PDF contentYou can easily download Class 12 Biology Unit 23 – Biotechnology Notes in PDF format for exam preparation. These notes cover all important topics including Recombinant DNA Technology, gene cloning, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
👉 Download PDF Notes (Unit 23 – Biotechnology)
❓ FAQ – Class 12 Biology Unit 23
1. What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is a branch of biology that uses living organisms and their systems to develop useful products for humans.
2. What is Recombinant DNA Technology?
It is a technique used to combine DNA from different organisms to produce new genetic combinations.
3. What is the function of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
PCR is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment for analysis and research.
4. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
Its main goal was to identify and map all the genes in human DNA.
5. What are transgenic organisms?
Transgenic organisms are genetically modified organisms that contain genes from another species for improved traits.
📝 MCQs – Biotechnology
1. The main goal of the Human Genome Project is:
a) To produce transgenic animals
b) To map and sequence all human genes ✅
c) To clone genes
d) To study bacteria
2. Restriction endonucleases are also called:
a) Molecular carriers
b) Molecular scissors ✅
c) DNA amplifiers
d) Gene libraries
4. PCR is used for:
a) Cutting DNA
b) Amplifying DNA ✅
c) Combining DNA fragments
d) Gene therapy
5. Recombinant DNA is formed by:
a) Combining DNA from different organisms ✅
b) Cutting RNA
c) Producing proteins
d) Transcribing RNA
7. Gene therapy is mainly used to:
a) Treat genetic disorders ✅
b) Clone plants
c) Amplify DNA
d) Produce transgenic bacteria
8. Vectors are used in biotechnology to:
a) Cut DNA
b) Carry foreign DNA into host cells ✅
c) Sequence genes
d) Map the genome