In this unit, students will explore how living organisms produce new individuals to continue their species. You will learn about the different types of reproduction in both plants and animals, including sexual and asexual reproduction. The unit also covers human reproduction, the process of assisted reproductive technologies like test-tube babies, and important health aspects such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping how life perpetuates and how reproductive health impacts humans and the environment.
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❓ FAQs – Class 12 Biology Unit 18: Reproduction
Q1: What is reproduction and why is it important?
Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their species. It ensures the continuity of life and genetic diversity.
Q2: What are the main types of reproduction in plants?
Plants reproduce through asexual reproduction (e.g., budding, vegetative propagation) and sexual reproduction (via seeds formed by fertilization).
Q3: How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction – Only one parent, offspring are genetically identical.
- Sexual reproduction – Two parents, offspring have genetic variation.
Q4: What are test-tube babies and how are they produced?
Test-tube babies are babies born through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Eggs are fertilized outside the body and the embryo is implanted in the uterus.
Q5: What are STDs and how can they be prevented?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted through sexual contact (e.g., HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea). They can be prevented by using protection, safe sexual practices, and proper medical care.
Q6: What is fertilization?
A: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which develops into a new individual.
📝 MCQs – Class 12 Biology Unit 18: Reproduction
Q1: Which type of reproduction involves only one parent?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Fertilization
d) Pollination
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
Q2: In humans, fertilization occurs in:
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tube
d) Vagina
Answer: c) Fallopian tube
Q3: Which of these is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
a) Malaria
b) HIV
c) Tuberculosis
d) Influenza
Answer: b) HIV
Q4: In sexual reproduction, offspring:
a) Are genetically identical to the parent
b) Show genetic variation
c) Are always male
d) Do not involve gametes
Answer: b) Show genetic variation
Q5: Which reproductive technology helps infertile couples to have children?
a) Cloning
b) Test-tube baby (IVF)
c) Budding
d) Binary fission
Answer: b) Test-tube baby (IVF)